Cahto Land Mammals
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Notes on mammals

Imagefile	Cahto	POS	English	Semanticfield
	baantc	n a	yearling doe	anlmace
	bittc	n a	bobcat (Lynx rufus) ("little cat")	ananlmafe
	bittc	n a	bobcat (Lynx rufus) ("little cat")	anlmafe
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © 1999California Academy of Sciences, by permission	chin-ti'aalhtc	n a	beaver ("little one that chews wood")	anlmaro
Tom Brakefield ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	chin-yaantc	n a	brown bear (brown phase of black bear) ("eats sticks")	anlmaur
	chiinees, cheenees	n a	mountain lion, puma, panther ("long tail")	anlmafe
	ch'ilhbaat'itc	n a	bat (flying mammal) ("little one that flaps something")	ananlmach
Gerald and Buff Corsi © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	ch'ilhghii	n a	grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) ("killer/fighter")	ananlmaur
	ch'siitcing	n a	coyote (Canis latrans)	ananlmaca
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles ©2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	daahtaitc	n a	grey squirrel (western grey squirrel)	ananlmaro
© 2004 Sally Anderson	daaschaang	n a	gopher (pocket gopher, Thomomys spp.)	ananlmaroge
	dee'-soos	n a	spike buck (two year male deer) ("narrow horn")	anlmace
	dee'-soostc	n a	spike buck (young male deer) ("little narrow horn")	ananlmace
© 2001 Kim Cabrera, permissionper CalPhotos	deelkishtc	n a	fawn deer ("little spotted one")	ananlmace
	deelhaang	n a	four point buck ("many horns")	anlmace
© 2001 Kim Cabrera, permissionper CalPhotos	dilkitc	n a	fawn deer	anlmace
Gerald and Buff Corsi ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	doolii	n a	black bear	ananlmaur
Dr. Lloyd GlennIngles © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	gaashchow-kw'it-kwiyaaghitc	n a	Pine Squirrel (Sciurus douglasi group) ("one that runs along on redwood trees")	ananlmaro
Dr. LloydGlenn Ingles © 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	iintc'ee'	n a	deer; venison	anlmacefoan
Dr. LloydGlenn Ingles © 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	iintc'ee' naach'yiishchow	n a	buck deer	anlmace
Dr. LloydGlenn Ingles © 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	iintc'ee' naasch'yeesh ?	n a	buck deer	anlmace
© 2001 Kim Cabrera,permission per CalPhotos	iintc'ee'-baang	n a	doe	ananlmace
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © 1999California Academy of Sciences, by permission	jeeschow	n a	elk, wapiti	ananlmace
	keelhgai	n a	yellow bear (yellow phase of black bear) ("white foot")	anlmaur
© 2004 Tom Greer, bypermission	koshyeeh-sdaitc	n a	rabbit (cottontail) ("little one that sits under thorn-bushes")	anlmale
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	kooldjii	n a	skunk (general); striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis)	anlmamu
© 2004 Tom Greer, bypermission	k'antaaghiitc	n a	jackrabbit	ananlmale
© 2001 Kim Cabrera, permission per CalPhotos	laa'nees	n a	raccoon (Procyon lotor) ("long hand")	anlmapr
	-loots	n ia	puppy, little dog	ananlmaca
	-loots	n ia	puppy, little dog	anlmaca
	lhiin'-chow	n a	horse ("big dog")	anlma
Dr. Lloyd GlennIngles © 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	lhoontcghee'neestc	n a	white-footed mouse (Peromyscus spp.) ("little long eared mouse")	ananlmarocr
Dr. Lloyd GlennIngles © 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	lhoon'-lhgai	n a	bushy-tailed wood rat (Neotoma sp.) ("white rodent")	ananlmarocr
Dr. Lloyd GlennIngles © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	lhoong'	n a	rodent, squirrel	ananlmaro
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles ©2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	lhoong'	n a	rodent, squirrel	ananlmaro
© 2004 Sally Anderson	lhoong'-kaanaas	n a	gopher, pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae)	anlmaroge
© 2004 Don Getty, bypermission	lhtsoghing	n a	fox (grey fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus) ("blue one")	ananlmaca
Robert Potts © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	main , maayin	n a	weasel, badger ("grey one")	ananlmamu
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © 1999California Academy of Sciences, by permission	mii	n a	elk (rare word)	ananlmace
© 2004 Sally Anderson	nailyooltc	n a	gopher (pocket gopher, Thomomys spp.)	anlmaroge
Dr. LloydGlenn Ingles © 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	naach'iyiish	n a	buck deer	ananlmace
© 2004 Sally Anderson	naalhghii	n a	dog	anlmaca
	naalhghiitc	n a	little dog	anlmaca
	naalhghii-tciik	n a	red dog	anlmaca
	naalhghii-yaashtc	n a	puppy	anlmaca
	naalhii chii-tcgholtc	n a	bobtailed dog	anlmaca
© 2004 Sally Anderson	naalhii-dilshin	n a	black dog	anlmaca
	naalhii-tc'eek	n a	female dog, bitch	anlmaca
	naalhton'tc	n a	weasel ("little one that jumps along")	anlmamu
© 2004 Sally Anderson	naat'ii	n a	dog	ananlmaca
Gerald and Buff Corsi ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	noonii	n a	bear (general)	ananlmaur
	noonii-lhsow	n a	blue bear (gray phase of Black Bear (Ursus americanus))	anlmaur
Gerald and Buff Corsi ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	noonii-lhtcin	n a	black bear (black phase of Black Bear (Ursus americanus))	anlmaur
Gerald and Buff Corsi © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	noonii-lhtciik	n a	grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)	anlmaur
	noonii-yaashtc	n a	bear (small grizzly)	anlmaur
Oregon Fish and WildlifeService	saahchow	n a	fisher	ananlmamu
National Park Service	saahtc	n a	mink (Mustella vison)	ananlmamu
© 2004 Tom Greer, bypermission	sdaitc	n a	rabbit (cottontail) ("little one that sits")	ananlmale
	sils'intc	n a	chipmunk (Eutamias spp.)	ananlmarosc
	silts'intc	n a	chipmunk (Eutamias spp.)	ananlmarosc
National Park Service	sii'-dilgaitc	n a	ring-tail, "miner's cat" (Bassariscus) ("little whitish tailed one"	ananlmaba
	siis	n a	otter (river otter, Lutra canadensis)	ananlmamu
Oregon Fish and WildlifeService	siis-lhtcin	n a	fisher ("black otter")	anlmamu
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	slee'lhgaitc	n a	striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) ("little one with a white anus")	ananlmamu
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	slee'lhkishtc	n a	striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) ("little one with a raw anus")	ananlmamu
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	slee'lhk'ish	n a	striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) ("one with a raw anus")	anlmamu
Jules Strauss© 1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	slis	n a	ground squirrel (California ground squirrel, Spermophilus beecheyi)	ananlmarosc
Gerald and Buff Corsi © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	shash	n a	grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis)	ananlmaur
© 2001 Kim Cabrera, permission per CalPhotos	teetaaw	n a	raccoon ("among in the water")	ananlmapr
Gerald and Buff Corsi ©1999 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	toolii	n a	Black Bear (Ursus americanus)	anlmaur
Dr. Lloyd Glenn Ingles © 2001 California Academy of Sciences, by permission	t'ohk'aa-naalht'on'tc	n?	kangaroo rat ("little one that jumps around on the grassland")	anlmarohe
© 2001 Kim Cabrera,permission per CalPhotos	tciltcii	n a	doe	ananlmace
© 2004 Kim Cabrera, permission per CalPhotos	tciitcgaitc	n a	spotted skunk (Spilogale sp.)	ananlmamu
	yai'ntaang'	n a	mole (Scapanus sp.)	ananlmata
	yiishtc	n a	wolf	ananlmaca

Notes on mammals

Most mammal identifications are quite straightforward, as there are relatively few species and they tend to be fairly well known by name in both Cahto and English.

There are only a few local mammals for which I have not found Cahto names (e.g. shrews and voles).

Likewise, there are only a few Cahto names for which the English identification is not absolutely certain:

kaa', "otter" (but possibly the sea otter, not the river otter)
main, "badger" (but possibly also means weasel)
naalht'on'tc, "kangaroo rat" (but possibly also means weasel)

Certain particular species have very complex terminologies for different types of animal within the species:

deer, with terms indicating gender, age, and number of points
bears, with terms for the different colored varieties
dogs, with terms indicating colors and gender

A number of species have more than one name for the same species and type

grizzly bear (4 names: ch'ilhghii, noonii, noonii-lhtciik, shash)
gopher (3 names: daaschaang, lhoong'-kaanaas, nailyooltc)
dog (4 names: -loo, naalhghii, naalhii, naat'ii)
buck deer (3 related names: iintc'ee' naach'yiishchow, iintc'ee' naasch'yeesh, naach'iyiish)
striped skunk (4 names: kooldjii, slee'lhgaitc, slee'lhk'ishtc, slee'lhk'ish)
mountain lion (2 names: bitchow, chii'nees)
raccoon (2 names: laa'nees, teehtaagh)
doe deer (2 names: iintc'ee'-baang, tciltcii)

There are very few generic terms:

lhoong' "rodent, squirrel" (including everything from mice to flying squirrels)
noonii "bear" (including all colors of both species)--But it means only "grizzly bear" in Bill Ray's dialect.
kooldjii "skunk" (including both striped and spotted skunks)
iintc'ee' "deer" (including all ages and genders)

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